Brazil: Public (In)Security Experiences in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

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Cover Photo: Netroder/ Adobe Stock / Adobe Stock License

On November 18, 2024, the Inter-American Dialogue's Rule of Law Program, the Fernando Henrique Cardoso Foundation, and the School of Multidimensional Security of the Institute of International Relations at the University of São Paulo, released a joint policy brief analyzing public policies to address insecurity in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This is the fourth policy brief in a series on security policies and the rule of law in the region, launched by the Dialogue's Rule of Law Program.

In Brazil, rising insecurity driven by violence and organized crime requires innovative responses that balance public safety with democratic values. The state of São Paulo has focused on community policing and crime prevention, fostering collaboration between law enforcement and local communities. In contrast, Rio de Janeiro has relied on militarized interventions in favelas and high-crime areas, with mixed results and notable human rights concerns. This policy brief evaluates these policies, highlighting successes and setbacks, and offers recommendations that emphasize rule of law, accountability, and transparency for effective and sustainable security strategies in Brazil.

The report, based on comprehensive research, interviews and diverse stakeholder input gathered from private workshops and independent research, advocates for a shift towards democratic security policies that prioritize rule of law and community engagement over militarized approaches. Key recommendations include:

• Strengthening ties between the police and security forces, and local communities to foster trust and cooperation.
• Enhancing collaboration among various security agencies to effectively combat organized crime.
• Addressing corruption within the justice system to restore public confidence and ensure accountability.
• Investing in education, employment, and community development to address the root causes of crime.
• Developing norms that support transparency and accountability within security forces.
• Articulating effective policies that transcend the ideological divide, combining punitive measures with social protection policies and expanded access to justice.
• Promoting regional coordination and cooperation to address insecurity and organized crime comprehensively.

DOWNLOAD THE POLICY BRIEF HERE: